These results suggest that the role of CD83, an adhesion molecule for cell-mediated immunity, has been conserved over 450 million years of vertebrate evolution. Finally, Onmy- CD83 gene expression is up-regulated in virus-infected trout, and the promoter is responsive to trout IFN regulatory factor-1. Gici-CD83 is expressed rather ubiquitously with highest levels in the epigonal tissue, a primary site for lymphopoiesis in the nurse shark, whereas Onmy-CD83 mRNA expression largely paralleled that of MHC class II but at lower levels. Gici-CD83 and Onmy-CD83 are not linked to the MHC, an attribute shared with mouse but not human CD83. Mammalian CD83 genes contain a split Ig superfamily V domain that represents a unique sequence feature for CD83 genes, a feature conserved in both Gici- and Onmy-CD83. Identical with mammalian CD83 genes, Gici-CD83 is composed of five exons including conservation of phase for the splice sites. The open reading frames for Gici-CD83 (194 aa) and Onmy-CD83 (218 aa) display ∼28–32% identity to mammalian CD83 with the presence of two conserved N-linked glycosylation sites. To begin to study dendritic cells from lower vertebrates, we isolated and characterized CD83 from the nurse shark ( Ginglymostoma cirratum ( Gici)) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ( Onmy)). Dendritic cells are one of the most important cell types connecting innate and adaptive immunity, but very little is known about their evolutionary origins.
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